33 Countries of Origin’ Profiles

ROMANIA Produced by the University of Seville (Universitad de Sevilla) 4 skirts, and Roma men are continue dressing in white shirts with colourful sashes. Unmarried women wear their hair in braids, while married women cover their heads with cloths called naframa. 12 Romanians are known for hospitality and generosity. Guests are always fed. Men indicate their respect for women by a tip of the hat, a kiss on the hand, or standing to offer them a seat. It is also customary for younger people to defer to their elders. 13 Gender and family relations The majority of women work outside the home, although they tend to occupy lower- level positions, generally in traditional female fields, such as primary school education. Women also make up a large proportion of agricultural workers that has been rising as men have been abandoning farming. While the definition of women's work has expanded, that of men's work has not, and women who work outside the home are still expected to do all the housekeeping. 14 It is common for Romanian families to live together. Urbanization forces many people to live in close quarters and has led to smaller families. Many of the country's health problems are related to reproductive health and child care. 15 GBV Based on several indexes, Romania is ranks medium-in terms of gender inequality. The Gender Inequality Index 16 rank for Romania is 72, and the Global Gender Gap Index 17 places the country in 76 th position. Statics shows that 24 % of women in Romania has ever experienced at some point in their lives some kind of physical and/or sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner, and 6 % has been experiencing it in the last 12 months. 2 % have experienced sexual violence by a stranger 18 ; 8 % of women have been stalked and 32% of women have experienced sexual harassment. 19 12 http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Romania.html 13 ibid 14 ibid 15 ibid 16 Gender Inequality Index: A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. Source: Human Development Report, UNDP (2016) (http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf) 17 The Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, political, education and health criteria. Source: World Economic Forum, the Global Gender Gap Report 2016. 18 http://evaw-global- database.unwomen.org/en/countries/europe/romania?typeofmeasure=2adb4f35f599429e8138b117fd 26ae56 19 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2014). Violence against women: an EU-wide survey — Main results , Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.